International Journal of Human Movement Science
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
Physical Educators` Experiences Teaching Secondary English Language LearnersTakahiro Sato , Sue Sutherland 7(2) 5-28, 2013
TitlePhysical Educators` Experiences Teaching Secondary English Language Learners
Takahiro Sato , Sue Sutherland DOI: AbstractEthnic, cultural, and linguistic diversity is becoming more prevalent in public schools within the United States (US). According to the Migration Policy Institute (2010), close to 5.3 million English Language Learners (ELLs) are enrolled in K-12 public schools in the US. Of these 5.3 million ELLs, many of whom attend urban schools, are also new to the US and are experiencing American culture for the first time. While common academic language in physical education is easily understood by English speaking students, this is not often the case for ELLs, putting them at a disadvantage in physical education. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine and analyze eight secondary physical education teachers` experiences of teaching English Language Learners (ELLs) in urban schools. Data were collected through face-to-face and email interviews and transcribed verbatim. Transcribed data were analyzed and reduced using the constant comparative method (Merriam, 1998). The recurring themes from this study were (a) teaching normative American activities, (b) challenges and concerns of teaching PE, and (c) gender roles and religions. On a positive note, these teachers were empathetic and supportive of the ELLs in urban secondary schools. Implications include strategies for assisting physical education teachers who teach ELLs. Key WordsPhysical education, English Language Learners, Positioning Theory, In-service teachers |
Online Social Network Analysis among U.S. Olympic Committee, National Governing Body, and Athletes: Focusing on the Official TwitterJae Ahm Park , Stephen W Dittmore 7(2) 29-41, 2013
TitleOnline Social Network Analysis among U.S. Olympic Committee, National Governing Body, and Athletes: Focusing on the Official Twitter
Jae Ahm Park , Stephen W Dittmore DOI: AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore and provide insight into the construction of the social network for the U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC) (n = 1) including National Governing Bodies of winter sports (n = 8), and individual athletes (n = 298) on Twitter. Using social network analysis, this study identified how the network is organized, who influential members are, and how they use Twitter in terms of information diffusion. Results show that only five members did not have direct connection to others, in- or out-degree. Although snowboarder Shaun White, two-time Olympic gold medalist, had a four times greater followers than USOC, USOC was the most influential member in the network with greatest in- and out-degree and betweenness centrality. Influential members from USOC and NGBs` Twitter used more variables of information diffusion (e.g., hashtag, retweet, reply, and mention) except hyperlink than influential members from athletes` Twitter. In addition, fewer selected hashtags were used more frequently by USOC and NGBs` Twitter while more hashtags were used less frequently by athletes` Twitter. Key WordsOlympics, USOC, Twitter, social network analysis, NGB |
Impacts on College Students` Class Satisfaction, Social Relationship, and Academic AchievementSun Hwi Kim 7(2) 43-59, 2013
TitleImpacts on College Students` Class Satisfaction, Social Relationship, and Academic Achievement
Sun Hwi Kim DOI: AbstractThere are numerous assessment instruments for the field of physical education. Regardless of the types of assessment instruments, assessment provides quality information to students, teachers, staff, and administrators. Among numerous assessment instruments currently used in the physical education setting, peer assessment especially plays a very significant instructional role and has its unique function to facilitate learning; however, a limited number of studies have focused on the students` affective domain such as social interaction skills, learning behavior, motivation, and class satisfaction and its impact on academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to discuss the essential link among social interaction, class satisfaction, and academic achievement. This study mainly emphasized how exogenous variables (class satisfaction, students` relationship with peer, students` relationship with teacher) affect endogenous variable (academic achievement). The result from the study showed that the suggested model had a good fit. In addition, both students` relationship with peer (PR) and student`s relationship with teacher (TR) were correlated each other and had a direct effect on class satisfaction (SA) as well as an indirect effect on academic achievement (AC) via class satisfaction (SA). Kim & Kim`s (2013) questionnaire was used for 250 undergraduate students from the Department of Physical Education at a university in South Korea and non-PE major students took PE courses as an elective at the same university. In addition to the research limitations, in order to make the peer assessment technique more effective, several guidelines for the educators and future research directions were discussed. Key Wordspeer assessment, path analysis, class satisfaction, social relationship, academic achievement |
Comparison of waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio as predictors of cardiometabolic risk factors in Korean adultsSoon Chang Sung , Hyun Soo Kim 7(2) 61-74, 2013
TitleComparison of waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio as predictors of cardiometabolic risk factors in Korean adults
Soon Chang Sung , Hyun Soo Kim DOI: AbstractThe accumulation of intra-abdominal visceral fat is highly correlated with the metabolic abnormalities that contribute to increased risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to compare the general adiposity index (BMI) with abdominal obesity indices (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) in order to examine the best predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors among Korean adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study where total and abdominal fatness were determined by anthropometric indices (BMI, WHR, WHTR, and WC). Pearson`s correlations was calculated between indices of obesity (BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR) and blood pressure (SBP, DBP), blood glucose (BG), triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC):HDL-C. In this cross-sectional study, 433 men and 362 women who participated in a health examination program were included. In both men and women, all four obesity indices significantly correlated with the cardio-metabolic risk factors. Correlation coefficients (r) between WHtR and cardio-metabolic risk factors were the strongest among the obesity indices, followed by WC and WHR. WHtR had the highest correlation coefficients for SBP, HDLC, LDLC, and TC/HDLC in both men and women. WHR had the highest correlation coefficients for TG and TC in men. Partial correlation coefficients, controlling for age, also indicated that the WHtR have the greatest association with almost of the health risk factors examined, specifically in male (p<.001). In conclusion, BMI tended to be the weakest index for identifying cardio-metabolic risk factors in both sexes. WHtR exhibited the best predictive index for cardio-metabolic risk, particular in men. Key Wordswaist circumference, WHR, WHtR, cardiometabolic risk factors |
The Case Study of Immigration Law for Foreign Athletes to Enter and Play in the United StatesJohn Bae , Raymond Kim , Sangdon Rhee 7(2) 75-89, 2013
TitleThe Case Study of Immigration Law for Foreign Athletes to Enter and Play in the United States
John Bae , Raymond Kim , Sangdon Rhee DOI: AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the current laws intact in regards to athletes and immigration. There are many foreign athletes that participate in sports throughout the United States of America (USA); in fact, professional sports in this day and age would not thrive without the help of these foreign athletes. With that in mind, this study examines the injustices taking place as foreign athletes attempt to gain visas to live and work in the USA. More specifically in Major League Baseball (MLB) and a few other sports, there is unfairness that can be found related to visa laws. In addition, translations of these laws change every two to three years and seem to be very ambiguous as a whole. Ultimately, this study is attempting to bring to light these wrongs and suggest solutions. Key Wordsimmigration Law, foreign athletes, INS, Immigration Act |